Jagoran Cajin: Yadda Ajiye Makamashi ke Sake fasalin Tsarin ƙasa don Abokan B2B

Bayanin ci gaba da aikace-aikacen masana'antar ajiyar makamashi.

1. Gabatarwa ga fasahar adana makamashi.

Ajiye makamashi shine ajiyar makamashi. Yana nufin fasahar da ke juyar da nau'i na makamashi guda ɗaya zuwa mafi kwanciyar hankali da adana shi. Daga nan sai su sake shi a wani takamaiman tsari lokacin da ake buƙata. Ka'idodin ajiyar makamashi daban-daban sun raba shi zuwa nau'ikan 3: inji, lantarki, da lantarki. Kowane nau'in ajiyar makamashi yana da nasa kewayon ikonsa, halaye, da amfani.

Yana da amfani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙarancin tasiri daga yanayin ƙasa. Hakanan suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin gini da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi. A sakamakon haka, za a iya amfani da ma'ajin makamashi na lantarki da sassauƙa. Yana aiki a yawancin yanayin ajiyar wutar lantarki. Fasaha ce don adana iko. Yana da mafi girman kewayon amfani da mafi girman yuwuwar haɓakawa. Manyan su ne baturan lithium-ion. Ana amfani da su a cikin al'amuran daga mintuna zuwa sa'o'i.

2. Yanayin aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi

Adana makamashi yana da wadataccen yanayin aikace-aikacen a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki. Adana makamashi yana da manyan amfani guda uku: samar da wutar lantarki, grid, da masu amfani. Su ne:

Sabon samar da wutar lantarki ya bambanta da na gargajiya. Yana shafar yanayin yanayi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haske da zafin jiki. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya bambanta da yanayi da rana. Daidaita iko zuwa buƙata ba zai yiwu ba. Tushen wuta ne mara ƙarfi. Lokacin da aka shigar iya aiki ko rabon samar da wutar lantarki ya kai wani matakin. Zai shafi zaman lafiyar grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Don kiyaye tsarin wutar lantarki lafiya da kwanciyar hankali, sabon tsarin makamashi zai yi amfani da kayayyakin ajiyar makamashi. Za su sake haɗawa zuwa grid don daidaita wutar lantarki. Wannan zai rage tasirin sabon ƙarfin makamashi. Wannan ya haɗa da photovoltaic da wutar lantarki. Suna da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu canzawa. Hakanan zai magance matsalolin amfani da wutar lantarki, kamar watsi da iska da haske.

Tsarin grid na al'ada da ginin yana bin matsakaicin hanyar lodi. Suna yin haka a gefen grid. Wannan shine yanayin lokacin gina sabon grid ko ƙara iya aiki. Dole ne kayan aiki suyi la'akari da matsakaicin nauyi. Wannan zai haifar da tsada mai tsada da ƙarancin amfani da kadari. Yunƙurin ajiyar makamashi na gefen grid na iya karya madaidaicin hanyar lodi na asali. Lokacin yin sabon grid ko faɗaɗa tsohuwar, zai iya rage cunkoson grid. Hakanan yana haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓaka kayan aiki. Wannan yana adana farashin saka hannun jari kuma yana haɓaka amfani da kadara. Ajiye makamashi yana amfani da kwantena a matsayin babban mai ɗauka. Ana amfani da shi a kan samar da wutar lantarki da bangarorin grid. Ya fi dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ikon fiye da 30kW. Suna buƙatar ƙarfin samfur mafi girma.

Sabbin tsarin makamashi a gefen mai amfani ana amfani da su musamman don samarwa da adana wutar lantarki. Wannan yana rage farashin wutar lantarki kuma yana amfani da ajiyar makamashi don daidaita wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda, masu amfani kuma za su iya amfani da tsarin ajiyar makamashi don adana wutar lantarki lokacin da farashin yayi ƙasa. Wannan yana ba su damar yanke amfani da wutar lantarki lokacin da farashin yayi tsada. Hakanan suna iya siyar da wutar lantarki daga tsarin ajiya don samun kuɗi daga farashin kololuwa da kwari. Ajiye makamashi na gefen mai amfani yana amfani da kabad a matsayin babban mai ɗauka. Ya dace da aikace-aikace a wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu da kasuwanci da kuma rarraba tashoshin wutar lantarki na hotovoltaic. Waɗannan suna cikin kewayon wutar lantarki daga 1kW zuwa 10kW. Ƙarfin samfurin yana da ƙananan ƙananan.

3. Tsarin "source-grid-load-storage" shine yanayin aikace-aikace mai tsawo na ajiyar makamashi

Tsarin “source-grid-load-storage” yanayin aiki ne. Ya haɗa da bayani na "tushen wutar lantarki, grid na wutar lantarki, kaya, da ajiyar makamashi". Zai iya haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da makamashi da amincin grid. Yana iya gyara matsaloli kamar grid volatility a tsaftataccen amfani da makamashi. A cikin wannan tsarin, tushen shine mai samar da makamashi. Ya haɗa da makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar hasken rana, iska, da wutar lantarki. Hakanan ya haɗa da makamashi na gargajiya, kamar kwal, mai, da iskar gas. Grid ita ce hanyar sadarwa ta watsa makamashi. Ya haɗa da layin watsawa da kayan aikin wutar lantarki. Nauyin shine ƙarshen mai amfani da makamashi. Ya haɗa da mazauna, kamfanoni, da wuraren jama'a. Adana shine fasahar ajiyar makamashi. Ya haɗa da kayan ajiya da fasaha.

A cikin tsohon tsarin wutar lantarki, tashoshin wutar lantarki sune tushen wutar lantarki. Gidaje da masana'antu sune kaya. Su biyun sun yi nisa. Wutar wutar lantarki ta haɗa su. Yana amfani da babban, yanayin sarrafawa hadedde. Yanayin daidaitawa na ainihi ne inda tushen wutar lantarki ke biye da kaya.

A karkashin "neue Leistungssystem", tsarin ya kara da bukatar cajin sabbin motocin makamashi a matsayin "load" ga masu amfani. Wannan ya ƙara matsa lamba sosai akan grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Sabbin hanyoyin makamashi, kamar photovoltaics, sun bar masu amfani su zama "tushen wutar lantarki." Hakanan, sabbin motocin makamashi suna buƙatar caji da sauri. Kuma, sabon samar da wutar lantarki ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Don haka, masu amfani suna buƙatar "ajiya na makamashi" don daidaita tasirin ƙarfin ƙarfin su da amfani da su akan grid. Wannan zai ba da damar amfani da wutar lantarki kololuwa da ajiyar wutar lantarki.

Sabon amfani da makamashi yana bambanta. Masu amfani yanzu suna son gina microgrids na gida. Waɗannan suna haɗa “tushen wuta” (haske), “ajiya mai ƙarfi” (ajiya), da “ lodi” (caji). Suna amfani da sarrafawa da fasahar sadarwa don sarrafa albarkatun makamashi da yawa. Suna barin masu amfani su samar da amfani da sabon makamashi a cikin gida. Hakanan suna haɗawa da babban grid ɗin wuta ta hanyoyi biyu. Wannan yana rage tasirin su akan grid kuma yana taimakawa daidaita shi. Ƙananan microgrid da ajiyar makamashi sune "tsarin ajiya na hoto da caji". An haɗa shi. Wannan muhimmin aikace-aikace ne na "ma'ajiyar kayan aikin grid na tushen".

二. Hasashen aikace-aikacen da ƙarfin kasuwa na masana'antar ajiyar makamashi

Rahoton na CNESA ya ce ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2023, jimillar karfin ayyukan ajiyar makamashi ya kai 289.20GW. Wannan ya haura da kashi 21.92% daga 237.20GW a karshen shekarar 2022. Jimillar karfin da aka sanya na sabon makamashin makamashi ya kai 91.33GW. Wannan ya karu da kashi 99.62% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.

Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2023, yawan aikin ajiyar makamashi a kasar Sin ya kai 86.50GW. Ya kasance sama da 44.65% daga 59.80GW a karshen 2022. Yanzu sun kasance 29.91% na karfin duniya, sama da 4.70% daga karshen 2022. Daga cikinsu, ma'ajiyar famfo tana da mafi girman iko. Ya kai kashi 59.40%. Ci gaban kasuwa yana zuwa musamman daga sabon ajiyar makamashi. Wannan ya haɗa da baturan lithium-ion, baturan gubar-acid, da matsewar iska. Suna da jimlar ƙarfin 34.51GW. Wannan ya karu da kashi 163.93 bisa na bara. A shekarar 2023, sabon makamashin da kasar Sin ta adana zai karu da 21.44GW, wanda ya karu da kashi 191.77 cikin dari a duk shekara. Sabbin ma'ajiyar makamashi sun haɗa da batura lithium-ion da iska mai matsewa. Dukansu suna da ɗaruruwan ayyuka masu haɗin grid, matakan megawatt.

Bisa la'akari da tsarawa da gina sabbin ayyukan ajiyar makamashi, sabbin makamashin da kasar Sin ta samar ya zama babba. A cikin 2022, akwai ayyuka 1,799. An shirya su, ana gina su, ko kuma suna aiki. Suna da jimlar ƙarfin kusan 104.50GW. Yawancin sabbin ayyukan ajiyar makamashi da aka sanya a cikin aiki kanana ne da matsakaita. Ma'auninsu bai wuce 10MW ba. Su ne kusan kashi 61.98% na jimlar. Ayyukan ajiyar makamashi a cikin tsare-tsare da kuma gine-gine sun fi girma. Suna da 10MW da sama. Su ne kashi 75.73% na jimlar. Fiye da ayyuka 402 megawatt 100 suna cikin ayyukan. Suna da tushe da yanayi don adana makamashi don grid ɗin wutar lantarki.