Muhimman Nasiha don Zaɓan Nau'ikan Kebul Na Wutar Lantarki Dama, Girma, da Shigarwa

A cikin igiyoyi, yawanci ana auna ƙarfin lantarki a cikin volts (V), kuma ana rarraba igiyoyi bisa la'akari da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki yana nuna matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin aiki da kebul ɗin zai iya ɗauka cikin aminci. Anan ga manyan nau'ikan wutar lantarki don igiyoyi, aikace-aikacensu masu dacewa, da ƙa'idodi:

1. Ƙananan Wutar Lantarki (LV).

• Wutar lantarkiHar zuwa 1 kV (1000V)
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi a cikin gidaje, kasuwanci, da gine-ginen masana'antu don rarraba wutar lantarki, hasken wuta, da ƙananan tsarin wutar lantarki.
• Matsayin gama gari:
  • Saukewa: IEC60227: Don igiyoyin da aka keɓe na PVC (amfani da wutar lantarki).
  • Saukewa: IEC60502: Don ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki.
  • Farashin BS6004: Don igiyoyi masu rufi na PVC.
  • Farashin UL62: Don igiyoyi masu sassauƙa a cikin Amurka

2. Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki (MV) igiyoyi

• Wutar lantarkidaga 1 zuwa 36 kV
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi wajen watsa wutar lantarki da cibiyoyin sadarwa na rarrabawa, yawanci don aikace-aikacen masana'antu ko masu amfani.
• Matsayin gama gari:
  • Saukewa: IEC60502-2: Don igiyoyi masu matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.
  • Saukewa: IEC60840: Don igiyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa masu ƙarfin lantarki.
  • IEEE 383: Don igiyoyi masu tsayayyar zafin jiki da ake amfani da su a cikin wutar lantarki.

3. High Voltage (HV) igiyoyi

• Wutar lantarkidaga 36 zuwa 245 kV
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi wajen watsa wutar lantarki mai nisa, manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki, da wuraren samar da wutar lantarki.
• Matsayin gama gari:
  • Saukewa: IEC60840: Don manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki.
  • Saukewa: IEC62067: Don igiyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki AC da watsa DC.
  • IEEE 48: Don gwada igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki.

4. Ƙarfafa High Voltage (EHV) igiyoyi

• Wutar lantarkiFiye da 245 kV
• Aikace-aikace: Don tsarin watsawa na ultra-high-voltage (wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen watsa wutar lantarki mai yawa a kan dogon nesa).
• Matsayin gama gari:
  • Saukewa: IEC60840: Don ƙarin igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki.
  • Saukewa: IEC62067: Ana amfani da igiyoyi don watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na DC.
  • IEEE 400: Gwaji da ka'idoji don tsarin kebul na EHV.

5. Kebul na Wutar Lantarki na Musamman (misali, Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki DC, igiyoyin Rana)

• Wutar lantarki: Ya bambanta, amma yawanci ƙasa da 1 kV
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi don takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar tsarin hasken rana, motocin lantarki, ko sadarwa.
• Matsayin gama gari:
  • Saukewa: IEC60287: Don ƙididdige ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na yanzu don igiyoyi.
  • Farashin 4703: Don igiyoyin hasken rana.
  • TÜV: Don takaddun shaida na kebul na hasken rana (misali, TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007).

Za'a iya samun ƙananan wutar lantarki (LV) da kuma manyan igiyoyi (HV) za a iya ci gaba da kashi a cikin takamaiman nau'ikan, kowane tsari na musamman aikace-aikace dangane da kayansu, gini, da muhalli. Ga cikakken bayani:

Ƙananan Wutar Lantarki (LV) Nau'ikan Kebul:

1. Kebul na Rarraba Wutar Lantarki

   • Bayani: Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan amfani da ƙananan igiyoyi don rarraba wutar lantarki a wuraren zama, kasuwanci, da masana'antu.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Samar da wutar lantarki ga gine-gine da injina.
     • Filayen rarrabawa, allon kunnawa, da kewayen wutar lantarki gabaɗaya.
   • Misalin Matsayi: IEC 60227 (PVC-mai rufi), IEC 60502-1 (don manufa gaba ɗaya).

2. igiyoyi masu sulke (Maƙaman Ƙarfe - SWA, Ƙarƙashin Aluminum Waya - AWA)

   • Bayani: Waɗannan igiyoyi suna da shingen sulke na ƙarfe ko aluminum waya don ƙarin kariya ta injiniya, suna sa su dace da yanayin waje da masana'antu inda lalacewar jiki ke damuwa.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Ƙarƙashin shigarwa.
     • Injin masana'antu da kayan aiki.
     • Shigarwa na waje a cikin yanayi mara kyau.
   • Misalin MatsayiIEC 60502-1, BS 5467, da BS 6346.

3. Kebul na Rubber (Rubber Cables)

   • Bayani: Wadannan igiyoyi an yi su tare da rufin roba da sheathing, suna ba da sassauci da karko. An ƙirƙira su don amfani a cikin haɗin kai na ɗan lokaci ko sassauƙa.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Injin hannu (misali, cranes, forklifts).
     • Saitin wutar lantarki na ɗan lokaci.
     • Motocin lantarki, wuraren gini, da aikace-aikacen waje.
   • Misalin MatsayiIEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), UL 62 (don igiyoyi masu sassauƙa).

4. igiyoyi marasa Halogen (Ƙananan hayaki).

   • Bayani: Wadannan igiyoyi suna amfani da kayan da ba su da halogen, suna sa su dace da yanayin da ke da fifiko ga lafiyar wuta. Idan aka yi gobara, suna fitar da hayaki kaɗan kuma ba sa haifar da iskar gas mai cutarwa.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Filin jirgin sama, asibitoci, da makarantu (ginin jama'a).
     • Yankunan masana'antu inda amincin gobara ke da mahimmanci.
     • Jirgin karkashin kasa, tunnels, da wuraren da aka rufe.
   • Misalin MatsayiTS EN 50267 IEC 60332-1 (Halayyar wuta)

5. Sarrafa igiyoyi

   • Bayani: Ana amfani da waɗannan don watsa siginar sarrafawa ko bayanai a cikin tsarin inda ba a buƙatar rarraba wutar lantarki. Suna da madaidaicin madugu da yawa, galibi a cikin ƙaramin tsari.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Tsarin sarrafa kansa (misali, masana'antu, PLCs).
     • Dabarun sarrafawa, tsarin hasken wuta, da sarrafa motoci.
   • Misalin Matsayi: IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. Kebul na Rana (Photovoltaic Cables)

   • Bayani: An ƙirƙira shi musamman don amfani da tsarin hasken rana. Suna da juriya UV, hana yanayi, kuma suna iya jure yanayin zafi.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Wutar lantarki ta hasken rana (tsarin daukar hoto).
     • Haɗa masu amfani da hasken rana zuwa inverters.
   • Misalin Matsayi: TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007, UL 4703.

7. Filayen igiyoyi

   • Bayani: Waɗannan igiyoyi suna da bayanin martaba, wanda ya sa su dace don amfani da su a cikin matsananciyar wurare da wuraren da igiyoyi za su yi girma sosai.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Rarraba wutar lantarki a wurare masu iyaka.
     • Kayan aiki ko kayan aiki na ofis.
   • Misalin MatsayiSaukewa: IEC60227,UL62.

8. igiyoyi masu tsayayya da wuta

   • igiyoyi don Tsarin Gaggawa:
     An ƙera waɗannan igiyoyi don kula da wutar lantarki yayin matsanancin yanayin wuta. Suna tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki na tsarin gaggawa kamar ƙararrawa, masu cire hayaki, da famfunan wuta.
     Aikace-aikace: Da'irar gaggawa a wuraren jama'a, tsarin kariya na gobara, da gine-gine masu yawan jama'a.

9. Kayan aiki Cables

   • Kebul ɗin Garkuwa don isar da sigina:
     An tsara waɗannan igiyoyi don watsa siginar bayanai a cikin mahalli tare da tsangwama mai girma na lantarki (EMI). An kiyaye su don hana asarar sigina da tsangwama na waje, tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa bayanai.
     Aikace-aikace: Kayan aikin masana'antu, watsa bayanai, da wuraren da ke da babban EMI.

10. Kebul na Musamman

    • igiyoyi don Aikace-aikace na Musamman:
      An ƙera kebul na musamman don shigarwa na alkuki, kamar hasken wuta na ɗan lokaci a wuraren baje kolin kasuwanci, haɗin kai don cranes na sama, famfunan ruwa mai nutsewa, da tsarin tsaftace ruwa. An gina waɗannan igiyoyi don takamaiman mahalli kamar akwatin kifaye, wuraren shakatawa, ko wasu na'urori na musamman.
      Aikace-aikace: Kayan aiki na wucin gadi, tsarin da aka nutsar da su, aquariums, wuraren wanka, da injinan masana'antu.

11. Aluminum Cables

    • Aluminum Power watsa igiyoyi:
      Ana amfani da igiyoyi na aluminum don watsa wutar lantarki da rarrabawa a cikin gida da waje. Suna da nauyi kuma masu tsada, dacewa da manyan cibiyoyin rarraba makamashi.
      Aikace-aikace: Watsawar wutar lantarki, shigarwa na waje da na karkashin kasa, da kuma rarraba mai girma.

Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki (MV) igiyoyi

1. RHZ1 Cables

• XLPE Insulated Cables:
  An ƙera waɗannan igiyoyi don cibiyoyin sadarwar lantarki masu matsakaici tare da rufin polyethylene (XLPE) mai haɗin giciye. Ba su da halogen-free kuma ba su yada harshen wuta ba, suna sa su dace da sufurin makamashi da rarrabawa a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar lantarki.
  Aikace-aikace: Matsakaicin rarraba wutar lantarki, sufurin makamashi.

2. HEPRZ1 igiyoyi

• HEPR Insulated Cables:
  Waɗannan igiyoyin igiyoyi sun ƙunshi rufin polyethylene mai ƙarfin ƙarfi (HEPR) kuma ba su da halogen. Suna da kyau don watsa wutar lantarki matsakaicin wutar lantarki a cikin mahallin da ke damun lafiyar wuta.
  Aikace-aikace: Matsakaicin hanyoyin sadarwar wutar lantarki, mahalli masu saurin wuta.

3. MV-90 Cables

• XLPE Insulated Cables ta Ma'aunin Amurka:
  An ƙera shi don cibiyoyin sadarwa na matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki, waɗannan igiyoyi sun cika ka'idodin Amurka don rufin XLPE. Ana amfani da su don jigilar kayayyaki da rarraba makamashi cikin aminci a cikin tsarin lantarki na matsakaici.
  Aikace-aikace: Watsawar wutar lantarki a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar lantarki masu matsakaici.

4. RHVhMVh Cables

• Kebul don Aikace-aikace na Musamman:
  Waɗannan igiyoyin jan ƙarfe da aluminum an tsara su musamman don mahalli tare da haɗarin fallasa mai, sinadarai, da hydrocarbons. Sun dace don shigarwa a cikin wurare masu zafi, kamar tsire-tsire masu sinadarai.
  Aikace-aikace: Aikace-aikacen masana'antu na musamman, wuraren da ke tattare da sinadarai ko mai.

Nau'ikan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi (HV)

1. High Voltage Power Cables

   • Bayani: Ana amfani da waɗannan igiyoyi don watsa wutar lantarki akan dogon nisa a babban ƙarfin lantarki (yawanci 36 kV zuwa 245 kV). An rufe su da yadudduka na kayan da za su iya jure wa babban ƙarfin wuta.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Wutar watsa wutar lantarki (lantarki na watsawa).
     • Nassoshi da tashoshin wutar lantarki.
   • Misalin MatsayiIEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. XLPE Cables (Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulated Cables)

   • Bayani: Waɗannan igiyoyi suna da rufin polyethylene mai haɗin giciye wanda ke ba da mafi kyawun kayan lantarki, juriya na zafi, da dorewa. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen matsakaici zuwa babban ƙarfin lantarki.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Rarraba wutar lantarki a cikin saitunan masana'antu.
     • Layukan wutar lantarki.
     • watsa mai nisa.
   • Misalin MatsayiIEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. igiyoyi masu Cika Mai

   • Bayani: igiyoyi tare da cika mai a tsakanin masu gudanarwa da kuma yadudduka masu rufewa don haɓaka abubuwan dielectric da sanyaya. Ana amfani da waɗannan a cikin mahalli masu matsanancin buƙatun wutar lantarki.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Kamfanonin mai na teku.
     • Ruwa mai zurfi da watsa ruwa.
     • Saitunan masana'antu masu buƙatar gaske.
   • Misalin MatsayiSaukewa: IEC 60502-1.

4. Kebul-Insulated Gas (GIL)

   • Bayani: Waɗannan igiyoyi suna amfani da iskar gas (yawanci sulfur hexafluoride) azaman matsakaicin insulating maimakon ƙaƙƙarfan kayan. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a wuraren da sarari ya iyakance.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Wuraren birane masu girma (masu rarrabawa).
     • Halin da ke buƙatar babban dogaro a watsa wutar lantarki (misali, grid na birni).
   • Misalin MatsayiSaukewa: IEC 62271-204.

5. Kebul na Submarine

   • Bayani: An tsara shi musamman don watsa wutar lantarki a karkashin ruwa, waɗannan igiyoyi an gina su don tsayayya da shigar ruwa da matsa lamba. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a cikin tsarin makamashin da ake sabunta nahiya ko na ketare.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • Watsa wutar lantarki tsakanin ƙasashe ko tsibirai.
     • Gonakin iska na ketare, tsarin makamashi na karkashin ruwa.
   • Misalin MatsayiIEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. HVDC Cables (High Voltage Direct Current)

   • Bayani: An tsara waɗannan igiyoyi don watsa wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) akan dogon nesa a babban ƙarfin lantarki. Ana amfani da su don watsa wutar lantarki mai inganci akan nesa mai nisa sosai.
   • Aikace-aikace:
     • watsa wutar lantarki mai nisa.
     • Haɗin wutar lantarki daga yankuna ko ƙasashe daban-daban.
   • Misalin MatsayiSaukewa: IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Abubuwan Abubuwan Wutar Lantarki

Kebul na lantarki ya ƙunshi maɓalli da yawa, kowanne yana yin aiki na musamman don tabbatar da cewa kebul ɗin ya yi abin da aka nufa cikin aminci da inganci. Abubuwan farko na kebul na lantarki sun haɗa da:

1. Shugaba

Themadugushi ne tsakiyar kebul ɗin da wutar lantarki ke gudana ta cikinsa. Yawanci ana yin shi ne daga kayan da ke da kyaun jagoranci na wutar lantarki, kamar jan ƙarfe ko aluminum. Mai gudanarwa yana da alhakin ɗaukar makamashin lantarki daga wannan batu zuwa wancan.

Nau'in Masu Gudanarwa:

• Bare Copper Conductor:

  • Bayani: Copper yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a ko'ina saboda kyawawan halayen lantarki da kuma juriya ga lalata. Sau da yawa ana amfani da na'urar dandatsa na tagulla wajen rarraba wutar lantarki da ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyin wutar lantarki, igiyoyi masu sarrafawa, da wayoyi a cikin gidaje da masana'antu.

• Mai Gudanar da Tagulla Mai Tinned:

  • Bayani: Tagulla mai daskare ita ce tagulla da aka lulluɓe shi da ɗan ƙaramin gwangwani don haɓaka juriyar lalata da iskar oxygen. Wannan yana da amfani musamman a wuraren ruwa ko kuma inda igiyoyin ke fallasa ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a waje ko yanayin daɗaɗɗa, aikace-aikacen ruwa.

• Aluminum Gudanarwa:

  • Bayani: Aluminum shine mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci madadin jan ƙarfe. Ko da yake aluminum yana da ƙarancin wutar lantarki fiye da tagulla, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa wajen watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da igiyoyi masu nisa saboda ƙarancin nauyi.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki, igiyoyi masu matsakaici da matsakaici, igiyoyin iska.

• Aluminum Alloy Conductor:

  • Bayani: Aluminum alloy conductors hada aluminum tare da ƙananan adadin wasu karafa, irin su magnesium ko silicon, don inganta ƙarfin su da haɓakawa. Ana yawan amfani da su don layukan watsa sama da sama.
  • Aikace-aikace: Layukan wutar lantarki na sama, rarraba matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.

2. Insulation

Therufikewaye da madugu yana da mahimmanci don hana girgiza wutar lantarki da gajerun kewayawa. An zaɓi kayan da aka haɗa bisa ga ikon su na tsayayya da wutar lantarki, zafi, da matsalolin muhalli.

Nau'in Insulation:

• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Insulation:

  • Bayani: PVC abu ne mai yadu da ake amfani da shi don ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi da matsakaici. Yana da sassauƙa, mai ɗorewa, kuma yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga abrasion da danshi.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyin wutar lantarki, wayoyi na gida, da igiyoyi masu sarrafawa.

• XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) Insulation:

  • Bayani: XLPE wani kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke da tsayayya ga yanayin zafi, damuwa na lantarki, da lalata sinadarai. Ana amfani da shi don matsakaita da manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki.
  • Aikace-aikace: Matsakaici da ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki, igiyoyin wutar lantarki don amfani da masana'antu da waje.

• EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber) Insulation:

  • Bayani: Rufin EPR yana ba da kyawawan kayan lantarki, kwanciyar hankali na thermal, da juriya ga danshi da sinadarai. Ana amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sassauƙa kuma mai dorewa.
  • Aikace-aikace: Wutar lantarki, igiyoyin masana'antu masu sassauƙa, yanayin zafi mai zafi.

• Rubutun roba:

  • Bayani: Ana amfani da rufin roba don igiyoyi masu buƙatar sassauci da juriya. Ana yawan amfani da shi a wurare inda igiyoyi ke buƙatar jure damuwa na inji ko motsi.
  • Aikace-aikace: Mobile kayan aiki, waldi igiyoyi, masana'antu inji.

• Halogen-Free Insulation (LSZH - Low Smoke Zero Halogen):

  • Bayani: An tsara kayan aikin LSZH don fitar da kadan zuwa babu hayaki kuma babu iskar halogen lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa wuta, yana sa su dace da yanayin da ke buƙatar manyan matakan tsaro na wuta.
  • Aikace-aikace: Gine-ginen jama'a, tunnels, filayen jirgin sama, igiyoyi masu sarrafawa a wuraren da ke da wuta.

3. Garkuwa

Garkuwagalibi ana ƙara su zuwa igiyoyi don kare madugu da rufi daga tsangwama na lantarki (EMI) ko tsoma bakin mitar rediyo (RFI). Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don hana kebul ɗin fitar da hasken lantarki na lantarki.

Nau'in Garkuwa:

• Garkuwar Tagulla:

  • Bayani: Tagulla na Copper suna ba da kyakkyawan kariya daga EMI da RFI. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a cikin igiyoyi na kayan aiki da igiyoyi inda manyan sigina masu girma ke buƙatar watsawa ba tare da tsangwama ba.
  • Aikace-aikace: Kebul na bayanai, igiyoyin sigina, da na'urorin lantarki masu mahimmanci.

• Garkuwar Aluminum:

  • Bayani: Ana amfani da garkuwar foil na aluminum don samar da kariya mai sauƙi da sassauƙa daga EMI. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a cikin igiyoyi masu buƙatar sassauƙa mai girma da babban tasirin garkuwa.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyin sigina masu sassauƙa, ƙananan igiyoyin wutar lantarki.

• Garkuwar Garkuwa da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarya:

  • Bayani: Wannan nau'in garkuwar yana haɗa duka foil da braids don samar da kariya biyu daga tsangwama yayin kiyaye sassauci.
  • Aikace-aikace: Siginar siginar masana'antu, tsarin kulawa mai mahimmanci, igiyoyin kayan aiki.

4. Jaket (Waje Sheath)

Thejakashine mafi girman layin kebul, wanda ke ba da kariya ta injiniya da kariya daga abubuwan muhalli kamar danshi, sinadarai, UV radiation, da lalacewa ta jiki.

Nau'in Jaket:

• PVC Jaket:

  • Bayani: Jaket ɗin PVC suna ba da kariya ta asali daga ɓarna, ruwa, da wasu sinadarai. Ana amfani da su ko'ina a cikin maƙasudin maƙasudin iko da igiyoyi masu sarrafawa.
  • Aikace-aikace: Wurin zama na gida, igiyoyin masana'antu masu haske, igiyoyi masu mahimmanci.

• Jaket ɗin roba:

  • Bayani: Ana amfani da Jaket ɗin roba don igiyoyi waɗanda ke buƙatar sassauci da tsayin daka ga matsalolin injiniya da yanayin muhalli mai tsauri.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyin masana'antu masu sassauƙa, igiyoyin walda, igiyoyin wutar lantarki na waje.

• Polyethylene (PE) Jaket:

  • Bayani: Ana amfani da jaket na PE a aikace-aikace inda kebul ɗin ke nunawa ga yanayin waje kuma yana buƙatar tsayayya da radiation UV, danshi, da sinadarai.
  • Aikace-aikace: igiyoyin wutar lantarki na waje, igiyoyin sadarwa, shigarwa na karkashin kasa.

• Halogen-Free (LSZH) Jaket:

  • Bayani: Ana amfani da jaket na LSZH a wuraren da lafiyar wuta ke da mahimmanci. Wadannan kayan ba sa sakin hayaki mai guba ko iskar gas a yayin da gobara ta tashi.
  • Aikace-aikace: Gine-ginen jama'a, tunnels, abubuwan sufuri.

5. Armoring (Na zaɓi)

Ga wasu nau'ikan kebul,makamaiana amfani da shi don samar da kariya ta injina daga lalacewa ta jiki, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman don shigarwa na ƙasa ko waje.

• Karfe Waya Armored (SWA) igiyoyi:

  • Bayani: Ƙarfe sulke na waya yana ƙara ƙarin kariya daga lalacewa na inji, matsa lamba, da tasiri.
  • Aikace-aikace: Wuraren waje ko na ƙasa, wuraren da ke da haɗarin lalacewa ta jiki.

• Aluminum Waya Armored (AWA) igiyoyi:

  • Bayani: Ana amfani da sulke na aluminum don dalilai iri ɗaya kamar kayan sulke na ƙarfe amma yana ba da madadin haske.
  • Aikace-aikace: Kayan aiki na waje, kayan aikin masana'antu, rarraba wutar lantarki.

A wasu lokuta, igiyoyin lantarki suna sanye da akarfe garkuwa or karfe garkuwaLayer don samar da ƙarin kariya da haɓaka aiki. Thekarfe garkuwayana ba da dalilai da yawa, kamar hana tsangwama na lantarki (EMI), kare jagoran, da samar da ƙasa don aminci. Ga manyannau'ikan garkuwar ƙarfeda sutakamaiman ayyuka:

Nau'in Garkuwar Karfe a cikin igiyoyi

1. Garkuwar Tagulla

• Bayani: Garkuwar tagulla ta ƙunshi sarƙaƙƙiya na waya ta tagulla da aka naɗe a kusa da insulation na kebul. Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan garkuwar ƙarfe da ake amfani da su a cikin igiyoyi.
• Ayyuka:
  • Kariyar Tsangwama na Electromagnetic (EMI).: Copper braid yana ba da kyakkyawan garkuwa ga EMI da tsangwama ta mitar rediyo (RFI). Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a wuraren da ke da matakan ƙarar wutar lantarki.
  • Kasa: Layin jan karfen da aka yi masa waƙa kuma yana aiki a matsayin hanya zuwa ƙasa, yana tabbatar da aminci ta hanyar hana haɓakar cajin lantarki mai haɗari.
  • Kariyar Makanikai: Yana ƙara ƙirar ƙarfin injiniya zuwa kebul, yana sa ya zama mai juriya ga abrasion da lalacewa daga sojojin waje.
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani dashi a cikin kebul na bayanai, igiyoyin kayan aiki, igiyoyin sigina, da igiyoyi don na'urorin lantarki masu mahimmanci.

2. Garkuwar Aluminum

• Bayani: Kariyar garkuwar aluminium tana ƙunshe da bakin ciki na aluminum wanda aka nannade kewaye da kebul, sau da yawa haɗe shi da polyester ko fim ɗin filastik. Wannan garkuwar tana da nauyi kuma tana ba da kariya mai dorewa a kusa da madugu.
• Ayyuka:
  • Tsangwama na Electromagnetic (EMI) Garkuwa: Aluminum foil yana ba da kyakkyawan kariya daga ƙananan ƙananan EMI da RFI, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye amincin sigina a cikin kebul.
  • Katangar danshi: Baya ga kariya ta EMI, foil na aluminum yana aiki azaman shinge mai danshi, yana hana ruwa da sauran gurɓataccen iska daga shiga cikin kebul.
  • Mai Sauƙi kuma Mai Tasiri: Aluminum ya fi sauƙi kuma ya fi araha fiye da jan karfe, yana mai da shi mafita mai mahimmanci don kariya.
• Aikace-aikace: Yawanci ana amfani da su a cikin kebul na sadarwa, igiyoyin coaxial, da ƙananan igiyoyin wutar lantarki.

3. Haɗewar Tudu da Garkuwa

• Bayani: Wannan nau'in garkuwa yana haɗa duka braid na jan karfe da foil na aluminum don samar da kariya biyu. Ƙarfin jan ƙarfe yana ba da ƙarfi da kariya daga lalacewa ta jiki, yayin da foil na aluminum yana ba da kariya ta EMI mai ci gaba.
• Ayyuka:
  • Ingantaccen EMI da Garkuwar RFI: Haɗuwa da garkuwar ƙirƙira da tsare-tsare suna ba da kariya mafi girma daga yawancin tsangwama na lantarki, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa sigina.
  • Sassauci da Dorewa: Wannan garkuwar dual yana ba da kariya ta injina (ƙwaƙwalwa) da kariya ta tsangwama mai tsayi (foil), yana sa ya dace da igiyoyi masu sassauƙa.
  • Kasa da Tsaro: Ƙarƙashin jan ƙarfe kuma yana aiki azaman hanyar ƙasa, yana inganta aminci a cikin shigar da kebul ɗin.
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da su a cikin igiyoyi masu sarrafa masana'antu, kebul na watsa bayanai, wiring na'urar likita, da sauran aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin injina da garkuwar EMI.

4. Karfe Waya Armoring (SWA)

• Bayani: Ƙarfe sulke sulke ya ƙunshi nannade karfe wayoyi a kusa da kebul na rufi, yawanci amfani da shi tare da sauran nau'i na garkuwa ko rufi.
• Ayyuka:
  • Kariyar Makanikai: SWA yana ba da kariya ta jiki mai ƙarfi daga tasiri, murkushewa, da sauran matsalolin injina. Ana amfani da ita a cikin igiyoyi waɗanda ke buƙatar jure wa mahalli masu nauyi, kamar wuraren gine-gine ko na ƙasa.
  • Kasa: Ƙarfe waya kuma na iya zama a matsayin hanyar ƙasa don aminci.
  • Juriya na Lalata: Kayan sulke na karfe, musamman idan aka sanya galvanised, yana ba da kariya daga lalata, wanda ke da fa'ida ga igiyoyin igiyoyi da ake amfani da su a cikin yanayi mai tsauri ko a waje.
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da su a cikin igiyoyin wutar lantarki don shigarwa na waje ko na ƙasa, tsarin kula da masana'antu, da igiyoyi a cikin wuraren da hadarin lalacewar inji ya yi yawa.

5. Aluminum Wire Armoring (AWA)

• Bayani: Daidai da kayan sulke na ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ana amfani da sulke na waya na aluminum don samar da kariya ta injiniya don igiyoyi. Yana da sauƙi kuma mafi tsada fiye da sulke na waya na karfe.
• Ayyuka:
  • Kariyar Jiki: AWA yana ba da kariya daga lalacewa ta jiki kamar murkushewa, tasiri, da abrasion. Ana amfani da ita don shigarwa na ƙasa da waje inda kebul ɗin zai iya fuskantar damuwa na inji.
  • Kasa: Kamar SWA, waya ta aluminum kuma zata iya taimakawa wajen samar da ƙasa don dalilai na aminci.
  • Juriya na Lalata: Aluminum yana ba da mafi kyawun juriya ga lalata a cikin yanayin da aka fallasa ga danshi ko sinadarai.
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da su a cikin igiyoyin wutar lantarki, musamman don rarraba wutar lantarki a waje da na ƙasa.

Takaitaccen Ayyukan Garkuwan Karfe

• Kariyar Tsangwama na Electromagnetic (EMI).Garkuwan ƙarfe kamar braid na jan karfe da foil aluminum suna toshe siginonin lantarki da ba'a so daga tasirin watsa siginar ciki na kebul ko tserewa da tsoma baki tare da wasu kayan aiki.
• Mutuncin Sigina: Kariyar ƙarfe yana tabbatar da amincin bayanai ko watsa sigina a cikin yanayi mai girma, musamman a cikin kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.
• Kariyar Makanikai: Garkuwoyi masu sulke, na ƙarfe ko aluminum, suna kare igiyoyi daga lalacewa ta jiki wanda ke haifar da murkushewa, tasiri, ko ɓarna, musamman a cikin munanan wuraren masana'antu.
• Kariyar Danshi: Wasu nau'ikan garkuwar ƙarfe, kamar foil na aluminum, kuma suna taimakawa toshe danshi daga shiga cikin kebul, yana hana lalacewa ga abubuwan ciki.
• Kasa: Garkuwan ƙarfe, musamman braids na tagulla da wayoyi masu sulke, na iya samar da hanyoyin ƙasa, haɓaka aminci ta hanyar hana haɗarin lantarki.
• Juriya na Lalata: Wasu karafa, kamar aluminum da galvanized karfe, suna ba da ingantaccen kariya daga lalata, sa su dace da waje, karkashin ruwa, ko mahallin sinadarai masu tsauri.

Aikace-aikace na Kebul Garkuwan Karfe:

• Sadarwa: Don igiyoyi na coaxial da igiyoyin watsa bayanai, tabbatar da ingancin sigina da juriya ga tsangwama.
• Tsarin Kula da Masana'antu: Don igiyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin injina masu nauyi da tsarin sarrafawa, inda ake buƙatar kariya ta inji da lantarki.
• Shigarwa na Waje da Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa: Don igiyoyin wuta ko igiyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin mahallin da ke da haɗarin lalacewa ta jiki ko fallasa zuwa yanayi mai tsanani.
• Kayan Aikin Lafiya: Don igiyoyi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin na'urorin likitanci, inda duka amincin sigina da aminci ke da mahimmanci.
• Rarraba Wutar Lantarki da Wutar Lantarki: Don matsakaita da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi, musamman a wuraren da ke fuskantar tsangwama na waje ko lalacewar injiniya.

Ta zaɓar nau'in garkuwar ƙarfe daidai, za ku iya tabbatar da cewa igiyoyin ku sun cika buƙatun don aiki, dorewa, da aminci a takamaiman aikace-aikace.

Yarjejeniyar Sunayen Kebul

1. Nau'in Insulation

2. Nau'in Garkuwa

3. Inner Liner

4. Nau'in Makamashi

5. Sheath na waje

6. Nau'in Gudanarwa

7. Ƙimar Wutar Lantarki

8. Sarrafa igiyoyi

9. Misali Fassarar Sunan Kebul

Dokokin Zana Kebul ta Yankin

Mabuɗin Ƙira ta Yanki

Ƙarin Bayanan kula akan Ma'auni:

• Ma'aunin GB na Chinada farko sun fi mayar da hankali kan aminci da kula da inganci gabaɗaya, amma kuma sun haɗa da ƙa'idodi na musamman da suka keɓanta da bukatun cikin gida na kasar Sin, kamar kare muhalli.

• Matsayin UL a cikin Amurkaan san su sosai don gwajin wuta da aminci. Sau da yawa suna mayar da hankali kan hatsarori na lantarki kamar zafi mai zafi da juriya na wuta, mahimmanci don shigarwa a cikin gine-ginen gidaje da masana'antu.

• Matsayin IECana gane su a duniya kuma ana amfani da su a duk faɗin Turai da sauran sassan duniya da yawa. Suna nufin daidaita matakan tsaro da inganci, sanya igiyoyi masu aminci don amfani da su a wurare daban-daban, daga gidaje zuwa wuraren masana'antu.

• Matsayin JISa Japan an mayar da hankali sosai kan amincin samfur da sassauci. Dokokin su suna tabbatar da cewa igiyoyi suna aiki da aminci a cikin masana'antu masana'antu kuma sun cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin aminci.

Thegirman ma'auni don masu gudanarwaan ayyana shi ta wasu ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi na ƙasa da ƙasa don tabbatar da ingantattun ma'auni da halaye na masu gudanarwa don aminci da ingantaccen watsa wutar lantarki. Da ke ƙasa akwai manyanma'aunin girman madugu:

1. Ma'aunin Girman Jagora ta Abu

Girman masu jagoranci na lantarki galibi ana bayyana su cikin sharuddanyankin giciye(a mm²) koma'auni(AWG ko kcmil), dangane da yankin da nau'in kayan gudanarwa (tagulla, aluminum, da sauransu).

a. Masu Gudanar da Tagulla:

• Wurin ƙetarewa(mm²): Yawancin masu gudanar da tagulla suna da girman girman yankinsu, yawanci daga0.5 mm² to 400 mm²ko fiye don igiyoyin wutar lantarki.
• AWG (Ma'aunin Waya na Amurka): Don ƙananan masu gudanar da ma'auni, ana wakilta masu girma dabam a cikin AWG (Ma'aunin Waya na Amurka), kama daga24 AWG(sirariyar waya) har zuwa4/0 AWG(waya babba sosai).

b. Masu Gudanar da Aluminum:

• Wurin ƙetarewa(mm²): Hakanan ana auna masu gudanar da aluminium ta wurin yanki na giciye, tare da girma dabam dabam daga jere.1.5 mm² to 500 mm²ko fiye.
• AWG: Girman waya na Aluminum yawanci kewayo daga10 AWG to 500 kml.

c. Sauran Masu Gudanarwa:

• Domintinned jan karfe or aluminumwayoyi da ake amfani da su don ƙwararrun aikace-aikace (misali, ruwa, masana'antu, da sauransu), ana kuma bayyana ma'aunin girman madugu a cikimm² or AWG.

2. Matsayin Duniya don Girman Jagora

a. IEC (Hukumar Fasaha ta Duniya) Matsayi:

• Saukewa: IEC60228: Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun rarrabuwa na tagulla da aluminum da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kebul na kebul. Yana bayyana masu girma dabam a cikinmm².
• Saukewa: IEC60287: Yana rufe lissafin ƙididdiga na yanzu na igiyoyi, la'akari da girman mai gudanarwa da nau'in rufi.

b. NEC (National Electrical Code) Standards (US):

• A cikin Amurka, daNECYana ƙayyadad da masu girma dabam, tare da masu girma dabam dabam daga14 AWG to 1000 kml, dangane da aikace-aikacen (misali, wurin zama, kasuwanci, ko masana'antu).

c. JIS (Ka'idojin Masana'antu na Japan):

• Farashin C3602: Wannan ma'auni yana bayyana girman madugu don igiyoyi daban-daban da nau'ikan kayan da suka dace. Ana yawan ba da girma a cikimm²domin jan karfe da aluminum conductors.

3. Girman Mai Gudanarwa Bisa Ƙididdiga na Yanzu

• Theiya aiki na yanzuna madugu ya dogara da kayan, nau'in rufi, da girman.
• Dominmadugu tagulla, girman yawanci jeri daga0.5 mm²(don ƙananan aikace-aikace na yanzu kamar wayoyi na sigina) zuwa1000 mm²(don manyan igiyoyin watsa wutar lantarki).
• Dominaluminum conductors, masu girma dabam gabaɗaya daga1.5 mm² to 1000 mm²ko sama don aikace-aikace masu nauyi.

4. Ka'idoji don Aikace-aikacen Kebul na Musamman

• Masu gudanarwa masu sassauƙa(amfani da igiyoyi don sassa masu motsi, robobin masana'antu, da sauransu) na iya kasancewaƙananan sassan giciyeamma an ƙirƙira su don jure maimaita maimaitawa.
• Wuta mai jurewa da ƙananan igiyoyin hayakisau da yawa suna bin ƙa'idodi na musamman don girman jagora don tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayi, kamarSaukewa: IEC60332.

5. Ƙididdigar Girman Jagora (Tsarin Tsarin Mulki)

Thegirman maduguza a iya ƙididdigewa ta amfani da dabarar yanki na yanki:

Yanki (mm²)=4π×d2

Inda:

• $dd$

  d = diamita na jagora (a mm)

• Yanki= yanki mai giciye na madugu

Takaitacciyar Girman Masu Gudanarwa:

Yankin Ketare-Sashe na Kebul vs. Ma'auni, Ƙididdiga na Yanzu, da Amfani

Bayanin ginshiƙai:

1. Wurin Ketare (mm²): Yankin madaidaicin sashin madubi, wanda shine mabuɗin don tantance ƙarfin waya don ɗaukar halin yanzu.
2. Farashin AWG: Ma'aunin Waya na Amurka (AWG) da ake amfani da shi don girman igiyoyi, tare da manyan lambobi masu nuna ƙananan wayoyi.
3. Ƙididdiga na Yanzu (A): Matsakaicin halin yanzu da kebul na iya ɗauka cikin aminci ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba, dangane da kayan sa da rufin sa.
4. Amfani: Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun don kowane girman kebul, yana nuna inda ake yawan amfani da kebul bisa ga buƙatun wutar lantarki.

Lura:

• Masu Gudanar da Coppergabaɗaya za ta ɗauki mafi girman ƙimar halin yanzu idan aka kwatanta daaluminum conductorsdon wannan yanki na giciye saboda ingantacciyar aikin jan karfe.
• Thekayan rufi(misali, PVC, XLPE) da abubuwan muhalli (misali, zazzabi, yanayin yanayi) na iya shafar ƙarfin ɗaukar kebul na yanzu.
• Wannan tebur nemkuma ya kamata a duba ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi na gida da yanayi koyaushe don ingantaccen girman.

Tun 2009,Danyang Winpower Wire & Cable Mfg Co., Ltd.ya shafe shekaru kusan 15 yana aikin noma a fannin samar da wutar lantarki da na lantarki, yana tara dimbin kwarewar masana'antu da sabbin fasahohi. Mun mayar da hankali a kan kawo high quality-, duk-kewaye dangane da wayoyi mafita ga kasuwa, da kuma kowane samfurin da aka tsananin bokan ta Turai da kuma Amurka iko kungiyoyin, wanda ya dace da dangane bukatun a daban-daban scenarios.Our kwararru tawagar za su ba ku da cikakken kewayon fasaha shawarwari da sabis goyon bayan gama igiyoyi, don Allah tuntube mu! Danyang Winpower na son tafiya kafada da kafada da ku, don ingantacciyar rayuwa tare.